Analysis of CPO Exports Using the Gravity Model Approach: Indonesian CPO Exports with Competitor Malaysia in the Main Markets of China and India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.64243/JODIGBI.01.3.02Kata Kunci:
RCA, Economic Distance, International Prices, Exchange Rates, Real GDPAbstrak
This study aims to determine the Revealed Comparative Advantage analysis and the gravity model approach of Indonesian CPO exports with competitor Malaysia in the main markets of China and India. This study employs the RCA competitiveness method and determinant analysis using panel data regression. The analysis tool used is E-Views 12. This study utilizes secondary data from the two main crude palm oil-producing countries, Indonesia and Malaysia, in the largest CPO export markets of China and India. The data sources for this study include UN Comtrade, Trading Economics, Time and Date, World Development Indicators, the World Bank, previous studies, research journals, books, and other literature. The results of this study indicate that both Indonesia and Malaysia have an RCA value greater than 1. However, Indonesia is more advantageous than Malaysia. Economic distance has a positive and significant impact on the volume of CPO exports from Indonesia and Malaysia. International CPO prices have a negative and significant impact on Indonesia's CPO export volume. International CPO prices have a negative but insignificant impact on Malaysia's CPO export volume. Exchange rates have a negative and significant impact on Indonesia's and Malaysia's CPO export volumes. The real GDP of export destination countries has a positive but insignificant impact on Indonesia's and Malaysia's CPO export volumes.
Referensi
Amelia, F. (2018). Perdagangan Internasional Booster Dalam Pertumbuhan Ekonomi. Change Think Jounal, 1(Analisis Strategi Pemasaran Dalam Meningkatkan volume Penjualan Dalam Perspektif Ekonomi Islam (studi kasus pada Toko AGS kuningan )), 50–59.
Anggraeni, N. (2019). Perang Dagang dalam Hukum Perdagangan Internasional. Al-Ahkam, 15(1), 1. https://doi.org/10.37035/ajh.v15i1.1967
Asia Palm Oil.(2024).Malaysia and China’s 50-year palm oil partnership: from inception to global impact. Malaysia and China’s 50-Year Palm Oil Partnership: From Inception to Global Impact. . (diakses pada tanggal 12 Mei 2025)
Awaliyah, N. N., Iranto, D., & Mukhtar, S. (2023). Analysis of Factors Affecting Indonesia’S Crude Palm Oil (Cpo) Exports in the Global Market 1992 - 2022. Jurnal Pendidikan Ekonomi, Perkantoran, Dan Akuntansi, 4(3), 115–125. https://doi.org/10.21009/jpepa.0403.11
Aziza, H. (2021). Analisi Intra Industry Trade pada Industri Kendaraan Roda Empat Indonesia Terhadap Partner Dagang dalam Organusasi APEC Tahun 2012-2019.
Benarto. (2016). Analisis Penerapan Cost Insurance and Freight (CIF) pada Komoditi Ekspor Indonesia: Studi Kasus Komoditi Crude Palm Oil (CPO).
De Benedictis, L., & Taglioni, D. (2011). The Gravity Model in International Trade. The Trade Impact of European Union Preferential Policies, 55–89. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-16564-1_4
Eka putri, yosi. (2015). Pengaruh Pdb Riil Dan Variabel Fiskal Terhadap Penanaman Modal Asing Langsung Di Indonesia. Economica, 1(1), 133–147. https://doi.org/10.22202/economica.2012.v1.i1.113
Gaol, D. F. L. (2018). Faktor Penghambat Diplomasi CPO Indonesia di Pasar Eropa. 2(2), 38–50.
Host, A., Skender, H. P., & Zaninović, P. A. (2019). Trade Logistics — The Gravity Model Approach. Zbornik Radova Ekonomskog Fakulteta u Rijeci / Proceedings of Rijeka Faculty of Economics, 37(1), 327–342. https://doi.org/10.18045/zbefri.2019.1.327
Juni Karlina, C., Sri WInarti, A., & Sodik, J. (2022). Analisis Ekspor Minyak Kelapa Sawit (CPO) Indonesia ke Sepuluh Negara Tujuan Utama Tahun 2008-2020. SINOMIKA Journal: Publikasi Ilmiah Bidang Ekonomi dan Akuntansi, 1(4), 851–864. https://doi.org/10.54443/sinomika.v1i4.444
Krugman, P., Melitz, M., & Obstfeld, M. (2018). International Economics: Theory and Policy (11th ed.). Pearson.
Manalu. (2019). Posisi Daya Saing dan Kinerja Ekspor Kopi Indonesia di Pasar Global. 3, 830–839.
MPOGCF. (2022). Keluasan Tanaman Sawit Mengikut Negeri Di Malaysia.
Nawangsih, W. S., Manumono, D., & Ambarsari, A. (2023). Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Volume Ekspor CPO Indonesia ke India, Tiongkok, dan Eropa (Belanda dan Italia). Agrotechnology, Agribusiness, Forestry, and Technology: Jurnal Mahasiswa Instiper (AGROFORETECH), 1(2), 1033–1042. https://jurnal.instiperjogja.ac.id/index.php/JOM/article/view/644
Nibras, G. S., & Widyastutik, W. (2020). Daya Saing, Ekuivalen Tarif, dan Faktor-Faktor yang Memengaruhi Permintaan Ekspor Minyak Sawit Indonesia di Negara OKI. Jurnal Ekonomi Dan Kebijakan Publik, 10(2), 111–124. https://doi.org/10.22212/jekp.v10i2.1295
Ningtias, I. Z., & Bachtiar, A. (2022). Analisis Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Ekspor Cpo Indonesia ke India. Jurnal Ilmiah Wahana Pendidikan, 8(18), 213–225. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7134257.
Nissa Nur Awaliyah, Iranto, D., & Mukhtar, S. (2023). Policy Analysis of European Union Deforestation Regulation (EUDR) on Indonesian Palm Oil Exports. International Student Conference on Business, Education, Economics, Accounting, and Management (ISC-BEAM), 1(1), 501–510. https://doi.org/10.21009/isc-beam.011.34
Pacheco. (2017). The Palm Oil Global Value Chain: Implications for economic growth and social and environmental sustainability. CIFOR. https://doi.org/10.17528/cifor/006405
Patone, C. D., Kumaat, R. J., & Mandeij, D. (2020). Analisis Daya Saing Ekspor Sawit Indonesia Ke Negara Tujuan Ekspor Tiongkok Dan India. Jurnal Berkah Ilmiah Efisiensi, 20(3), 22–32.
Pradina, Y. B. A., & Adhitya, D. (2023). Effect of International CPO Prices, Substitution Goods Prices, and Exchange Rates on Crude Palm Oil (CPO) Export Volume in Indonesia. Jurnal Ekonomi Pembangunan, 21(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.29259/jep.v21i1.19447
Pratama, L. (2019). Dampak ASEAN-China Free Trade Area (AFTA) Terhadap Perkembangan Ekspor Crude Palm Oil (CPO) Indonesia ke Tiongkok. Jom Fisip, 6(1), 1–15.
Ramadhani, E. S., H, I. M., & Asmara, K. (2019). Analisis Daya Saing Ekspor Kakao Olahan Indonesia di Pasar Jerman ( The Analysis of Indonesian Processed Cocoa Export Competitiveness in The Market of Germany ). 8(2), 132–137.
Ramadhani, T. N., & Santoso, R. P. (2019). Competitiveness analyses of Indonesian and Malaysian palm oil exports. Economic Journal of Emerging Markets, 11(1), 46–58. https://doi.org/10.20885/ejem.vol11.iss1.art5
Reuters.(2025). The end of cheap palm oil? Output stalls as biodiesel demand surges. The end of cheap palm oil? Output stalls as biodiesel demand surges | Reuters.
Ricardo, D. (1821). On the principles of political economy. J. Murray. http://www.econ.ucdavis.edu/faculty/gclark/210a/readings/Ricardo.pdf
Ridho, M. H., & Nurcahyo, M. A. (2022). Pengaruh Harga, Nilai Tukar, Tarif Bea Keluar, Dana Perkebunan Sawit, Dan Jumlah Produksi Terhadap Nilai Ekspor Crude Palm Oil. Tirtayasa Ekonomika, 17(2), 225. https://doi.org/10.35448/jte.v17i2.15240
Sachs, J. D., Warner, A., Åslund, A., & Fischer, S. (1995). Economic Reform and the Process of Global Integration. 1995(1), 1–118.
Sadono, S. (2013). Makro Ekonomi: Teori Pengantar. In Rajawali pers. Rajawali pers.
Salma Raivana, K. N., & Sani, S. F. (2024). Analisis Faktor-faktor yang Memengaruhi Volume Ekspor CPO Indonesia ke India. WELFARE Jurnal Ilmu Ekonomi, 4(2), 106–113. https://doi.org/10.37058/wlfr.v4i2.10194
Satu Data.(2024).Outlook Komoditas Perkebunan Kelapa Sawit Tahun 2024. https://satudata.pertanian.go.id/details/publikasi/696.
Sawyer, W. C., & Sprinkle, R. L. (2020). Applied international economics. In Applied International Economics. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429425547
Simanjuntak, A. R. (2022). Persaingan Produk Turunan CPO Indonesia dan Malaysia di Pasar Internasional. 1(1), 1–6.
Yudha, E. P., & Rasita Malau, H. E. (2023). Analisis daya saing ekspor jeruk Indonesia, Singapura dan Thailand ke pasar Malaysia pada periode 2013-2018. EQUILIBRIUM : Jurnal Ilmiah Ekonomi dan Pembelajarannya, 11(1), 1. https://doi.org/10.25273/equilibrium.v11i1.13752
Yuhendra, A. (2017). Analisis Determinan dan Daya Saing Ekspor Minyak Kelapa Sawit Indonesia di Pasar Dunia. 8, 47–61.
Zainuddin. (2022). Daya Saing Ekspor Crude Palm Oil dan Refined Palm Oil Asal Indonesia dan Malaysia di Pasar India. 7, 132–142. https://doi.org/10.33087/mea.v7i2.138
Unduhan
Diterbitkan
Terbitan
Bagian
Lisensi
Hak Cipta (c) 2025 Nissa Nur Awaliyah
Artikel ini berlisensiCreative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
